Web service based software implemented fault injection scialert. Softwareimplemented fault injection at firmware level. Compiletime injection is a technique in which testers change the source code to simulate faults in the software system. Fault injection is a testing technique used in computer systems to test both hardware and software. But, if the system also learns from the problems, then it becomes antifragile. Software fault injection is used to inject faults into the operation of software and examine the effects.
Evaluating software systems via runtime fault injection and reliability, availability and serviceability ras metrics and models rean gri. These studies showed that some fault injection techni. One of the methods typically used to validate fault tolerance mechanisms is. Computers special issue on dependable computing, year 1998, volume 47, pages 108119. Software fabrication involves programmatic design, source code editing or programming, and testing of each software unit. Engineeringseamlessly introducing fault injection methods into your software process.
Segail carnegiemellon university pittsbu rgb, pennsy zuania prepared for langley research center under grant nag 1 190 national aeronautics and space administration office of management. The traditional software fault injection technique method mainly studies the injection achievement of various fault modes. Fault injection is a software testing technique by introducing faults into the code for improving the coverage and usually used with stress testing for robustness of the developed software. Modelimplemented fault injection for robustness assessment. Investigating silent failures using fault injection experiments2. Fault injection testing is typically carried out prior to deployment to uncover any potential faults that may have been introduced during production. With this knowledge, the number of fault injections, a major concern in simulationbased fault injection, can be significantly reduced. This chapter introduces the commonly applied fault injection mechanism and fault injection properties. Faultinjection techniquesandtools fault injection is important to evaluating the dependability of computer systems.
Chapter 7 contains a description of the implemented swifi tool prototype. In order to ensure the system is running, the verification of fault oriented processing function module need software fault injected techniques to support. Each injected fault may be permanent, transient or intermittent. The idea is to study the behavior of the system in presence of faults in order to determine whether the system behaves properly or not. We present a welldefined development methodology incorporating sfifault injection driven development fiddwhich begins by systematically. Hardware fault injection fi refers to a variety of techniques for inducing errors in the device and measure the response to those mistakes. High speed fault injection tool fito implemented with vhdl. Choosing between hardware and software fault injection depends on the type of. Hardware fault attack detection methods for secure. In order to achieve better test coverage, it is necessary to analyze software fault related needs and structure. It is in this context that we describe and test the mathematical background for using checksum methods to validate results returned by a numerical subroutine operating in an seuprone environment. Faults can be injected via a number of physical methods and triggers can be implemented in different ways. A comparison between the two injection methods shows that they agree for 83% of the fault injections. Research on graybox testing methods for software fault injection.
A fault injection plan can be formulated probabilistically, or. Predeployment validation of faulttolerant systems through. Software implemented fault injection for autosar based. Focused fault injection testing of software implemented.
Software implementation an overview sciencedirect topics. For instance, a bit in a memory location can be flipped to emulate the effect of an alpha particle on a memory bit. Experiences with a canoebased fault injection framework for. Runtime injections it makes use of software trigger to inject a fault into a software. We will look at which test conditions are necessary and explain why both fault injection testing and requirementbased testing are included separately in the iso 26262.
Methods for testing fault tolerant systems fault injection. Within numerous fault injection methods that have been proposed, there is four major groups. Because of various advantages of software, implemented system function is more and more through software. The authors also offer insights and tips on a wide range of timely issues, including corba, y2k, software liability and certification, information warfare, and more. Nonintrusive softwareimplemented fault injection in. One of the methods typically used to validate fault tolerance mechanisms is fault injection. Hardware fault injection hardwareimplemented fault injection uses additional har dwar e to intr oduce faults into the tar get sys tem s hardware. The proposed method is based on a new control check flow scheme combined with software redundancy. These changes can be implemented by making modifications or mutations to the existing code, such as altering a line of code to represent a different value. Software based fault injection methods are divided into software implemented fault injections swifi and simulationbased fault injections. This contribution falls short to our requirements i, iii and iv, as it changes the plc code using software implemented fault injection rather than model implemented fault injection.
Improving fault injection in automotive model based. To evaluate the method, a fault injection tool has been developed called modifi, that is able to perform fault injection into simulink behavior models. Iyer, title dependability analysis of a high speed network using software implemented fault injection and simulated fault injection, journal ieee trans. Nov 05, 20 software implemented fault injection for autosar based systems november 5, 20 embedded staff described in this presentation is the design and implementation of a software implemented fault injection tool, which can be used to perform robustness testing on application software components in embedded systems based on the autosar standard. Experiences with a canoebased fault injection framework. The method exploits the object oriented approach of software implementation to support the injection of specific classes of faults. The wrapper technique was found to be most suitable and therefore implemented in a prototype fault injection tool. Fault injection techniques and tools electrical and computer.
Implementation of fpga based fault injection tool fito. Software implemented fault injection for autosar based systems 3 chapter 6 contains the results from the analysis on which fault injection techniques are suitable to use in order to inject faults into autosar based systems. Experiments were also performed using traditional fault injection methods, and in particular hardware implemented fault injection, to evaluate the correlation between the methods. Rajabpour and sedaghat 23 describe a technique to monitor the execution flow of distributed supervisory control and data acquisition scada controllers in. Softwareimplemented fault injection much more costeffective alternatives are several variants of softwareimplemented fi swifi. It is the deliberate introduction of faults into a system, and the subsequent examination of the system for the errors and failures that result. This approach is denoted by the authors as model implemented fault injection. Software fault injection is a method to anticipate worstcase scenarios caused by faulty software through the deliberate injection of software faults. Nonintrusive softwareimplemented fault injection in embedded.
Researchers and engineers have created many novel methods to inject faults, which can be implemented in both hardware and software. Combining softwareimplemented and simulationbased fault. To demonstrate the proposed fault injection method, we extendedthecpatrolassertioninsertionsystem18 tosupport fault injection and built a visual x window system interface. Assessing dependability with software fault injection. Comparison of physical and softwareimplemented fault injection. Pdf comparison of physical and softwareimplemented fault.
Comparison of physical and software implemented fault injection techniques, ieee 2003. Following the cots philosophy laid out above, our general approach has been to wrap exist. Likewise, look at simulated fault injection and software implemented fault injection. Fault injection testing is a software testing method which deliberately introduces errors to a system to ensure it can withstand and recover from error conditions. Fault injection techniques engineers use fault injection to test fault tolerant systems or components. A softwareimplemented fault injection methodology for design and. Test case generation for production systems with model. The software implemented fault injection tools supports three types of faults. The proposed fault injection method has been applied to test a web service system deploying what is called a wsmediator for improving the system reliability. Fault injection is one important way for evaluating microprocessors and finding dependability parameters. The first application is a calculator application residing on a single electronic control unit, and the second application is a brakebywire system distributed over several electronic control units. Comparison of physical and softwareimplemented fault injection techniques, ieee 2003. In preruntime swifi, the targetsystems software or data is injected with faults before it is run, as, for example, used by goofi 29 and. Fault injection has been proposed as a possible metric for all of the above properties of a system and its software.
Predeployment validation of fault tolerant systems through software implemented fault insertion edward w. With the rise of software complexity, software related accidents represent a significant threat for computerbased systems. The distinctive advantage of the sied approach over other fault tolerance techniques is the fault coverage. Compiletime injections it is a fault injection technique where source code is modified to inject simulated faults into a system. The contrast between the hardware and software methods lies mainly in the fault injection points they can access, the cost and the level of perturbation. Software implemented fault injection much more costeffective alternatives are several variants of software implemented fi swifi. Software based fault injection techniques can be classified into compiletime faults or runtime faults based on when the faults are injected. Fault injection tests fault detection, fault isolation, and reconfiguration and recovery capabilities. Using fault injection to increase software test coverage. The early approaches for the injection of fault effects have originated from in the context of studies on hardware faults through software implemented fault injection. Fault injection testing method of software implemented. Fault attack implementation fault injection fault manifestation fault propagation fault observation fault exploitation 11 defined by security attack objective constrained by implementation. Fault target and fault model fault injection method fault exploitation method 2. Fault injection techniques and tools for embedded systems reliability evaluation intends to be a comprehensive guide to fault injection techniques used to evaluate the dependability of a digital system.
The fault injection tool is evaluated on two applications. We describe a proofofconcept fault injection framework with example fault injection scenarios, as well as implementation issues faced and addressed, lessons learned, and the suitability of using canoe as a fault injection environ. Web service based software implemented fault injection. Software fault injection sfi is an acknowledged method for assessing the. Pdf comparison of physical and softwareimplemented. Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the software product or service under test. The results reveal that fault injection on software models is e.
Software implemented fault injection for autosar based systems. Fault injection in software engineering geeksforgeeks. The wsmediator claims to offer comprehensive offtheshelf fault tolerance mechanisms to cope with various kinds of typical web service application scenarios. The contributions of our work can be summarized as follows. Fault injection or requirements based testing in iso 26262. Software implemented fault injection for autosar based systems 2 1. There are basically two approaches to emulate hardware faults by software. Hardware fault attack detection methods for secure embedded. Fast fpgabased fault injection tool for embedded processors. Software implemented fault injection swifi techniques enable fault injection to be performed by software. Cpatrol cpatrolisa codeinsertiontoolthatcanassist developers in the placement of software probes that are used in testing. Various fault injection implementation strategies with different characteristics exist. The description and the critical analysis of different fault injection techniques and tools will be authored by key scientists in the field of. Fault injection testing in software can be performed using either compiletime or runtime injections.
Software implemented fault injection methods can be adapted to inject faults on various trigger mechanisms such as exception, traps, timeout, codemodification etc. Softwareimplemented fault detection for highperformance. Runtime fault injection technique uses a software trigger to inject a fault into a running software system. Fault injection techniques and tools ieee journals. The software implemented faultinjection tools supports three types of faults.
Fault injection techniques and tools for embedded systems. We present a welldefined development methodology incorporating sfi fault injection driven development fiddwhich begins by. A high product quality requires complete and efficient software testing. This is generally used on code that has communicative or cooperative functions so that there is enough interaction to make fault injection useful. Measuring faulttolerancewiththeftape faultinjectiontool. Another classification is based on how fault injection mechanisms are implemented. Fault injection has long been used as a technique for accelerated testing. An open and versatile faultinjection framework for. Further, fault injection can be hw or sw and can occur anywhere in the dev cycle. There are two main techniques for altering electrical currents and voltages at the pins. In order to improve the evaluation method, this paper make a study about bringing in software implemented fault injection technology, which inject fault inside the software artificially, the reliability and fault tolerance of software can be evaluated while the inside errors are activated. This paper presents the modifi model implemented fault injection tool.
Software implemented fault injection swifi is a well proven technique for. First, the results from the swifi method in the real system are used as a basis to validate the simulation and identify the major factors leading to differences between the methods. In this paper we propose a distributed software implemented fault injection framework based on the mobile agent approach. With the focused fault injection method, the system tester is able to inject specific classes of faults including malicious ones such that the fault tolerance mechanisms of a target system can be tested adequately. Hardware fault injection using dir ect contact with cir cuit pins, often called pinlevel injection, is probably the most common method of hardwareimplemented fault injection.
By increasing complexity of cyberphysical systems, applying traditional fault injection s methods are not efficient anymore, so tester trying to use fault injection in the model level. The second one offers detailed insights into the system dynamics in the presence of faults. There is a great need for automated software implemented fault injection swifi tools to assist programmers and system designers with performance and dependability evaluation. Canoe simulation environment to develop software based methods for injecting faults into autosar applications. Fault injection is traditionally divided into simulationbased and physical techniques depending on whether faults are injected into hardware models, or into an actual physical system or prototype. Research question the objective of this masters thesis is to identify interception points in the autosar architecture, which could be suitable for injecting faults by using software implemented fault injection swifi. The proposed fault injection method has been applied to test software implemented reliable node systems. The first one improves the accuracy of softwareimplemented fault injection experiments. Existing approaches typically extend the operating system by special drivers or change the application under test. Softwareimplemented fault injection swifi techniques enable fault injection to.
The fpga synthesizable fault injection model can give reasonable solution with high speed testing platform and also allows good controllability and observability. Software implemented fault injection for safetycritical. Software fault injection sfi is an acknowledged method for assessing the dependability of software systems. Collectively these techniques are known as software implemented fault injection swifi.
Stott and greg ries and meichen hsueh and ravishankar k. Abstract software implemented fault injection is an established method to emulate hardware faults in computer systems. The workload generator, monitor, and other compo nents can be implemented the same way. Subsequently, we demonstrate how fault attack can be conducted on supposedly secure function. Dependability analysis of a high speed network using software. Research on graybox testing methods for software fault. Swifi techniques for software fault injection can be categorized into two types. Hack in the box security conference recommended for you.
Hardware fault injection using direct contact with circuit pins, often called pinlevel iniection, is probably the most common method of hardware implemented fault injection. Depending on the faults and their locations, har dwar eimplemented fault injection meth ods fall into two categories. For safety analyses during modelbased development, fault injection mechanisms can be added directly into models of hardware, models of software or models of systems. The results reveal that fault injection on software models is efficient and useful for robustness assessment and that results produced with modifi appear to be. There are fundamentally two types of fault injection methods. We propose a novel approach where fault injection capabilities are added to the computer.
Well known techniques are hardware implemented fault injection hifi and software implemented fault. Comparison of physical and softwareimplemented fault injection techniques. Comparison of physical and softwareimplemented fault. Hardware fault injection could be used to test software software based techniques work software doesnt know where fault came from can be used to test hardware tends not to trigger hardware fault detection jean arlat, et al. Software implementation begins with the effort of software fabrication. The method differs from the previous work in that it exploits an object oriented approach of software implementation to support the injection of specific classes of faults at the system level. In this approach, all locations in hardware and software that are accessible to. Fault injection can be used to accelerate testing of a system in which the normal occurrence of faults is too sparse to permit proper testing. Software implemented fault injection techniques allow injection of faults through the software executed on the target system. The contrast between the hardware and software methods lies mainly in the fault injection points they can. Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Jun 14, 2019 researchers and engineers have created many novel methods to inject faults, which can be implemented in both hardware and software. Presents our experience in developing a methodology and tool at the jet propulsion laboratory jpl for softwareimplemented fault injection swifi into a.